.
ZFS做根分区由UFS分区启动
（注：
1 创建ZFS
为了模拟双系统环境，之前使用DiskGenius划分两个NTFS的主分区
Fixit# gpart show ad4 => 63 125829018 ad4 MBR (60G) 63 10490382 1 !7 (5.0G) 10490445 4209030 2 !7 (2.0G) 14699475 111129606 - free - (53G)
显示ad4磁盘信息，以及为安装FreeBSD所预留的空间
Fixit# gpart add -b 14699475 -s 111129606 -t freebsd ad4 ad4s3 added <code bash> Fixit# gpart create -s BSD ad4s3 ad4s3 created
查看硬盘ad4创建分区后的分区结构：
Fixit# gpart show ad4 => 63 125829018 ad4 MBR (60G) 63 10490382 1 !7 (5.0G) 10490445 4209030 2 !7 (2.0G) 14699475 111129606 3 freebsd (53G)
设置活动分区
Fixit# gpart set -a active -i 1 ad4
Create partitions (ad4s3a, ad4s3b, ad4s3d)
Fixit# gpart show ad4s3
⇒ 0 111129606 ad4s3 BSD (53G)
0 111129606 ad4s3 - free - (53G)
Fixit# gpart add -i 1 -b 0 -s 1G -t freebsd-ufs ad4s3
ad4s3a added
Fixit# gpart show ad4s3
⇒ 0 111129606 ad4s3 BSD (53G)
0 2097152 1 freebsd-ufs (1G) 2097152 109032454 - free - (52G)
Fixit# gpart add -i 2 -b 2097152 -s 2G -t freebsd-swap ad4s3
ad4s3b added
Fixit# gpart show ad4s3
⇒ 0 111129606 ad4s3 BSD (53G)
0 2097152 1 freebsd-ufs (1.0G) 2097152 4194304 2 freebsd-swap (2.0G) 6291456 104838150 - free - (50G)
Fixit# gpart add -i 4 -t freebsd-zfs ad4s3
ad4s3a added
Fixit# gpart show ad4s3
⇒ 0 111129606 ad4s3 BSD (53G)
0 2097152 1 freebsd-ufs (1.0G) 2097152 4194304 2 freebsd-swap (2.0G) 6291456 104838150 4 freebsd-zfs (50G)
Note: While a ZFS Swap Volume can be used instead of the freebsd-swap partition, crash dumps can't be created on the ZFS Swap
Volume. Sizes and offsets are specified in sectors (1 sector is typically 512 bytes) but can also be specified in MB and GB by
using a 'M' or 'G' suffix. 安装引导器
Fixit# gpart bootcode -b /mnt2/boot/boot0 ad4
ad4 has bootcode It's ok if you get an “unknown class” message here, but it you get “failed to install” or the like, you'll need to try
again after making sure that nothing is mounted from /dev/ad4.
Fixit# gpart bootcode -b /mnt2/boot/boot ad4s3
ad4s3 has bootcode
加载ZFS内核模块
Fixit# kldload /mnt2/boot/kernel/opensolaris.ko Fixit# kldload /mnt2/boot/kernel/zfs.ko
Create ZFS Pool tank
Fixit# mkdir /boot/zfs Fixit# zpool create tank /dev/ad4s3d Fixit# zpool set bootfs=tank tank
Note: zpool名称可以是tank，也可以是其它任何名称 Create UFS /boot
Fixit# mkdir /tank/bootdir Fixit# newfs -U /dev/ad4s3a Fixit# mount /dev/ad4s3a /tank/bootdir
2. 设置ZFS，安装FreeBSD
创建ZFS文件系统结构
文件系统校验方式fletcher4算法要比fletcher2算法更好些。
Fixit# zfs set checksum=fletcher4 tank Fixit# zfs create -o compression=on -o exec=on -o setuid=off tank/tmp Fixit# chmod 1777 /tank/tmp Fixit# zfs create tank/usr Fixit# zfs create tank/home Fixit# zfs create -o compression=lzjb -o setuid=off tank/usr/ports Fixit# zfs create -o compression=off -o exec=off -o setuid=off tank/usr/ports/distfiles Fixit# zfs create -o compression=off -o exec=off -o setuid=off tank/usr/ports/packages
Note: If you use nullfs or nfs to mount /usr/ports to different locations/servers, you will also need to nullfs/nfs mount
/usr/ports/distfiles and/or /usr/ports/packages.
Fixit# zfs create -o compression=lzjb -o exec=off -o setuid=off tank/usr/src Fixit# zfs create tank/var Fixit# zfs create -o compression=lzjb -o exec=off -o setuid=off tank/var/crash Fixit# zfs create -o exec=off -o setuid=off tank/var/db Fixit# zfs create -o compression=lzjb -o exec=on -o setuid=off tank/var/db/pkg Fixit# zfs create -o exec=off -o setuid=off tank/var/empty Fixit# zfs create -o compression=lzjb -o exec=off -o setuid=off tank/var/log Fixit# zfs create -o compression=gzip -o exec=off -o setuid=off tank/var/mail Fixit# zfs create -o exec=off -o setuid=off tank/var/run Fixit# zfs create -o compression=lzjb -o exec=on -o setuid=off tank/var/tmp Fixit# chmod 1777 /tank/var/tmp
注意: 压缩选项可以使用开启(on)，关闭(off)，lzjb，gzip，gzip-N（其中N值为1时最快，9时最高压缩比）;gzip就是gzip-6). ZFS文件系统上启用压缩，会造成文件存储延迟。
will not be accessed that often.
3. 安装FreeBSD
安装FreeBSD到ZFS上
Fixit# cd /dist/8*
Fixit# export DESTDIR=/tank
Fixit# for dir in base catpages dict doc games info lib32 manpages; \ #这里如果你准备重新make buildworld的那么只需释放base。
do (cd $dir ; ./install.sh) ; done
Fixit# cd src ; ./install.sh all
Fixit# cd ../kernels ; ./install.sh generic
Fixit# cd /tank/boot ; cp -Rlp GENERIC/* /tank/boot/kernel/
将/var/empty设置设置成只读
Fixit# zfs set readonly=on tank/var/empty
4. 安装后配置
注意：你可以使用任何你熟悉的工具，只要在以下文件里添加内容就可以了。 Chroot 到 /tank
Fixit# chroot /tank
创建 /etc/rc.conf
Fixit# vi /etc/rc.conf zfs_enable="YES" hostname="tomato.freebsd.tk" ifconfig_em0="DHCP"
注意： em0，需要改成你的网卡名称
创建 /boot/loader.conf
Fixit# vi /boot/loader.conf zfs_load="YES" vfs.root.mountfrom="zfs:tank"
创建 /etc/fstab
Fixit# vi /etc/fstab # Device Mountpoint FStype Options Dump Pass# /dev/ad4s3a /bootdir ufs rw 0 0 /dev/ad4s3b none swap sw 0 0
重新编译引导器 /boot/loader (Required for 8.0-RELEASE and 7.{0-2}-RELEASE)
Fixit# echo 'LOADER_ZFS_SUPPORT=YES' > /etc/src.conf Fixit# mount -t devfs devfs /dev Fixit# export DESTDIR="" Fixit# cd /usr/src/sys/boot/ Fixit# make obj && make depend && make Fixit# cd i386/loader && make install
设置root用户密码
Fixit# passwd
设置本地时区
Fixit# tzsetup
创建 /etc/mail/aliases.db
Fixit# cd /etc/mail Fixit# make aliases
退出chroot状态
Fixit# umount /dev Fixit# exit
安装 zpool.cache 到 ZFS filesystem
Fixit# cp /boot/zfs/zpool.cache /tank/boot/zfs/
5. 完成安装
移动 /tank/boot 到 /tank/bootdir
Fixit# cd /tank Fixit# cp -a boot bootdir/ Fixit# rm -r boot Fixit# ln -s bootdir/boot /tank/boot Fixit# chflags -h sunlink /tank/boot
注意：原文里使用mv，不不过会提示出错，所以使用cp，及rm了
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
Fixit# export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/mnt2/lib
卸载全部ZFS filesystems
Fixit# cd / Fixit# umount /tank/bootdir Fixit# zfs unmount -a
修改zpool挂载点，退出完成安装
Fixit# zfs set mountpoint=legacy tank Fixit# zfs set mountpoint=/home tank/home Fixit# zfs set mountpoint=/tmp tank/tmp Fixit# zfs set mountpoint=/usr tank/usr Fixit# zfs set mountpoint=/var tank/var Fixit# exit
